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  1. Climate Change: Science and Impacts. The Earth’s Climate. The Earth’s Greenhouse Efect1. Climate change is altering temperature, precipitation, and sea levels, and will adversely impact human and natural systems, including water resources, human settlements and health, ecosystems, and biodiversity.

  2. • With an increase in average global temperatures of 2°C, nearly every summer would be warmer than the hottest 5% of recent summers.28 • Increased temperatures, changes in precipitation, and climate variability have increased the occurrence of food-borne and water-borne diseases.

  3. Climate change is altering temperature, precipitation, sea levels, and will adversely impact human and natural systems, including water resources, human settlements and health, ecosystems, and biodiversity. 1 The unprecedented acceleration of climate change over the last 50 years and the increasing confidence in global climate models add to the ...

  4. It will discuss the basics of climate science and the phenomenon of climate change, before elaborating on two key concepts relevant for climate change responses: mitigation and adaptation. This material will be used to better understand how these concepts are applied in an urban context.

  5. It explains how scientiûc and policy debates work, outlines the scientiûc evidence for the reality and seriousness of climate change and the basic atmospheric science that supports it, and discusses policy options and the current state of the policy debate.

  6. To understand climate change, it is crucial to use a scientific definition of climate, understand the difference between weather and climate, and study changes in the state of the climate that persist for an extended period. It is also important to understand how the natural factors such as latitude, altitude, reflectivity of

  7. current understanding of global warming and climate change, as well as societal implications and the political barriers to sound, rational policy. Its co-authors are well recognized experts in science and in public policy.

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