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S orbitals have a spherical shape, p orbitals are dumbbell-shaped, d orbitals are shaped like a cloverleaf, and f orbitals are characterized by more complex shapes. You can also look up more detailed images for the shapes and orientation of atomic orbitals in your textbook.
An s-orbital is spherical with the nucleus at its centre, a p-orbitals is dumbbell-shaped and four of the five d orbitals are cloverleaf shaped. The fifth d orbital is shaped like an elongated dumbbell with a doughnut around its middle.
Unlike an s orbital, a p orbital points in a particular direction. The one shown below points up and down the page. At any one energy level, we have three absolutely equivalent p orbitals pointing mutually at right angles to each other. These are arbitrarily given the symbols px, py and pz.
14 Αυγ 2020 · An orbital is the quantum mechanical refinement of Bohr’s orbit. In contrast to his concept of a simple circular orbit with a fixed radius, orbitals are mathematically derived regions of space with different probabilities of containing an electron.
30 Ιαν 2023 · This page discusses atomic orbitals at an introductory level. It explores s and p orbitals in some detail, including their shapes and energies. d orbitals are described only in terms of their energy, and f orbitals are only mentioned in passing.
7 Μαΐ 2019 · The angular momentum quantum number can be used to give the shapes of the electronic orbitals. What Does S, P, D, F Stand For? The orbital names s , p , d , and f stand for names given to groups of lines originally noted in the spectra of the alkali metals.
23 Σεπ 2024 · An s orbital has a spherical shape, with the nucleus at its center; a p orbital has a dumbbell shape with two parts, or lobes; and four of the five d orbitals have a cloverleaf shape with four lobes, as shown in Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\).
