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  1. An s orbital is spherically symmetric around the nucleus of the atom, like a hollow ball made of rather fluffy material with the nucleus at its centre. As the energy levels increase, the electrons are located further from the nucleus, so the orbitals get bigger. The order of size is 1s < 2s < 3s < …, as shown below.

  2. S orbitals have a spherical shape, p orbitals are dumbbell-shaped, d orbitals are shaped like a cloverleaf, and f orbitals are characterized by more complex shapes. You can also look up more detailed images for the shapes and orientation of atomic orbitals in your textbook.

  3. The shapes of atomic orbitals and the orientation define that there is no probability of finding the electron along some certain directions than among others. In other words, orbitals are the regions of space in which electrons are usually to be found.

  4. Atomic orbitals are mathematical functions that describe the wave nature of electrons (or electron pairs) in an atom. They offer a way to calculate the probability of finding an electron in a specified region around the nucleus of the atom.

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  6. 7 Μαΐ 2019 · The orbital letters are associated with the angular momentum quantum number, which is assigned an integer value from 0 to 3. The s correlates to 0, p to 1, d to 2, and f to 3. The angular momentum quantum number can be used to give the shapes of the electronic orbitals.

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