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11 Μαΐ 2021 · Lactose is a reducing sugar composed of one molecule of D-galactose and one molecule of D-glucose joined by a β-1,4-glycosidic bond (the bond from the anomeric carbon of the first monosaccharide unit being directed upward).
Introduction to carbohydrates. Carbohydrates. Molecular structure of triglycerides (fats) Saturated fats, unsaturated fats, and trans fats. Biological macromolecules review. Properties, structure, and function of biological macromolecules.
disaccharide maltose. Because this bond is between carbon 1 of one molecule and carbon 4 of the other molecule it is called a 1-4 glycosidic bond. Bonds between other carbon atoms are possible, leading to different shapes, and branched chains. Three common disaccharides: Sucrose (Glucose + Fructose), Lactose (Glucose + Galactose),
Carbohydrates are produced by the process of photosynthesis in which six carbon sugars or hexoses are produced using energy of sunlight, green pigment chlorophyll, CO2 and H2O by green plants. The hexoses produced are the raw material for the biosynthesis of glycogen, fats, proteins and nucleic acid in living systems.
The anomeric carbons of both glucose and fructose are involved in the glycosidic bond; sucrose; therefore, is a non-reducing sugar. In Figure 13.27, the double headed arrow is used to show the involvement of both anomeric carbon atoms in the glycosidic linkage.
In a sucrose molecule, the 1 carbon of glucose is connected to the 2 carbon of fructose, so this bond is called a 1-2 glycosidic linkage. Glycosidic bonds are also categorized based on whether the monosaccharide is in the α form or β form .
Disaccharides and Glycosidic Bonds. Monosaccharides such as glucose can be linked together in condensation reactions. For example, sucrose (table sugar) is formed from one molecule of glucose and one of fructose, as shown below. Molecules composed of two monosaccharides are called disaccharides.
