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In this paper, we review the historical challenges and contemporary opportunities with accurately measuring the racial and ethnic composition and diversity of the US population.
The U.S. Census has classified people by “race” since its inception in 1790. In spite of this long practice of differently defining groups, prior to the 1970s (in some cases, even later), tables of population characteristics and other official statistics, including vital statistics, often list only “Whites” and “non-Whites.”
26 Μαΐ 2021 · A timeline from 1790 to 2020 shows how census race and ethnicity questions have evolved. In the first census in 1790, the federal government collected race data in three categories: free white people, “all other free persons,” and slaves.
6 Αυγ 2021 · To gauge unmet demand, we launched a proprietary consumer survey of 6,200 US consumers in April 2021. The responses yielded some reasons for consumer dissatisfaction that are shared relatively evenly across racial groups; value for money was the biggest issue for both Black and White respondents across all spending categories (most acutely in ...
People have been enumerated by race in every United States census since the first one in 1790. [2] Collection of data on race and ethnicity in the United States census has changed over time, including addition of new enumeration categories and changes in definitions of those categories.
Our survey of 2,000 US consumers with Asian, Black/African-American, Hispanic/Latino, and White (Non-Hispanic) heritage shows that looking at consumer preferences and behaviors through the lens of ethnic origins can provide valuable, and sometimes unexpected, insights for marketers for positioning and targeting strategies.
27 Μαρ 2019 · By creating all-white survey samples, twentieth-century market researchers’ knowledge production has mirrored the public and private practices of racial segregation. In doing so, market research knowledge linked consumer-citizenship and Whiteness with the societal notion of the “average” American.
