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Thermodynamics is the study of how heat moves around in ‘macroscopic’ objects. Through-out these lectures, we will talk a lot about laws and models. Models are a simplified, empirical description of a real system which generally develops overtime as our knowledge progresses.
Heat Q is energy transferred between the system and the environment as they interact. The units of Q are Joules. Temperature T is a state variable that quantifies the “hotness” or “coldness” of a system. A temperature difference is required in order for heat to be transferred between the system and the environment.
Heat • The temperature difference determines the direction of heat transfer. • Bodies don’t “contain” heat; heat always refers to energy in transit from one body to another. • We can change the temperature of a body by adding heat to it.
Heat is the transfer of energy between a system and its environment because of a temperature difference between them. Internal energy is the energy associated with motions of the atoms and molecules of a system and with the potential energy related to the bonding between atoms or molecules.
Temperature and Heat Chapter 1. Temperature is how hot or cold an object is. Temperature is operationally defined as the quantity of what we measure with a thermometer. Temperature and heat are not the same thing.
Heat is a type of energy transfer that is caused by a temperature difference, and it can change the temperature of an object. As we learned earlier in this chapter, heat transfer is the movement of energy from one place or material to another as a result of a difference in temperature.
The symbol c stands for specific heat, and depends on the material and phase. The specific heat is the amount of heat necessary to change the temperature of 1.00 kg of mass by 1.00 ºC. The specific heat c is a property of the substance; its SI unit is J/ (kg ⋅ K) or J/ (kg ⋅ °C ).
