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23 Ιαν 2023 · Friedel-Crafts acylation of methylbenzene (toluene) The reaction is just the same with methylbenzene except that you have to worry about where the acyl group attaches to the ring relative to the methyl group. Normally, the methyl group in methylbenzene directs new groups into the 2- and 4- positions (assuming the methyl group is in the 1 ...
31 Ιουλ 2021 · It is possible to replace the ring hydrogens of many aromatic compounds by exchange with strong acids. When an isotopically labeled acid such as \(\ce{D_2SO_4}\) is used, this reaction is an easy way to introduce deuterium.
Among the most useful electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions in the laboratory is alkylation —the introduction of an alkyl group onto the benzene ring. Called the Friedel–Crafts reaction after its founders in 1877, Charles Friedel and James Crafts, the reaction is carried out by treating an aromatic compound with an alkyl chloride ...
12 Ιαν 2023 · Step 1: Formation of nitronium ion. Nitric acid and sulfuric acid react to produce the nitronium ion. Nitric acid will protonate in the presence of sulfuric acid, causing water molecules to evaporate and nitronium ions to form. The aromatic ring attacks the potent electrophile nitronium ion fast.
21 Ιουν 2020 · The reaction of an aromatic substrate with an acid chloride (or acid anhydride) in the presence of an aluminum chloride catalyst is used to introduce an acyl group (C=O) into the aromatic ring through an electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism. Such reactions are Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions.
Aromatic hydrocarbons show absorptions in the regions 1600-1585 cm -1 and 1500-1400 cm -1 due to carbon-carbon stretching vibrations in the aromatic ring. Bands in the region 1250-1000 cm -1 are due to C–H in-plane bending, although these bands are too weak to be observed in most aromatic compounds.
In "aromatic nitration," aromatic organic compounds are nitrated via an electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism involving the attack of the electron-rich benzene ring on the nitronium ion. The formation of a nitronium ion (the electrophile) from nitric acid and sulfuric acid is shown below.
