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As systems of “total services” (7), Mauss uses the potlatch as a metaphor of how relationships between people and groups must be constantly fed and consumed to maintain balance and peace. This often results in competing interests, status challenges, and hierarchies amongst the giver and the receiver.
Marcel Mauss's concept of "total services" in "The Gift" refers to the intricate social and economic interactions in archaic societies, which involved exchanges beyond mere goods,...
Mauss’s system of total services can be understood as a decision and allocation system within an institutional setting. It includes collective entities, rules and obligations for exchange (Douglas 1990:5). Mauss regards families, clans and tribes as collective entities that engage in exchange. Exchange in this system is compulsory and ubiquitous.
context in which they are used by Mauss, respectively the actual act of exchange of gifts and rendering of services, and the reciprocating or return of these gifts and services. Normally they have been referred to in the translation for brevity’s sake, as ‘total services’ and ‘total counter-services’.
Mauss’ most influential work is Essai sur le Don, written between 1923 and 1924; it was first published in English in 1954 as The Gift: The form and reason for the study of the gift economy. His crucial insight is that all gifts are in fact disguised exchanges, which comprise three elements: giving, taking, and giving back.
19 Ιαν 2021 · Marcel Mauss (1950) [1990] began his anthropological account with the idea of the gift economy being a “system of total services” exemplified in the “potlatch” as practiced by the North West native American tribal groups: the Haïda and the Tlingit.
Premodern gift-giving represents according to Marcel Mauss a system of total prestations (prestations totales): giving, taking, and reciprocating are the basic collective activities through which archaic societies reproduce themselves.
