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In anemone fish, the nonapeptides arginine, vasotocin, and isotocin mediate a trade-off in parental care behaviors on a timescale of tens of minutes (DeAngelis et al. 2020). Physiological responses that mediate acute trade-offs can also occur within seconds to minutes to hours.
20 Ιαν 2014 · Empirically, trade-offs usually are initially identified by comparing species or individuals within species, and testing for a negative relationship between two (or more) traits. A classic example is the trade-off between speed and stamina among species of animals (e.g., cats versus dogs) and among Olympic athletes (e.g., the best sprinters are ...
The chapter opens with examples of well-documented trade-offs, then distinguishes between physiological trade-offs—energy allocations between two or more functions competing for the same resources within a single individual—and evolutionary trade-offs, defined by manipulation experiments on phenotypes and by the correlated response to ...
14 Δεκ 2021 · Trade-offs have a key role in maintaining the genetic diversity of species. To illustrate this, we present some examples of trade-offs for pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum). We use pea aphids not because we think they are an exceptional species, but instead because they are unexceptional; other species are likely to show similarly diverse trade ...
This section will discuss some of the major trade offs associated with various life history traits and strategies and how these trade offs produce sets of traits that are commonly found together. As outlined in the previous section, a fundamental life history trait is the number of offspring produced per mating.
Surveying the tremendous species diversity of bacteria in the microbial world reveals that Darwinian Demons do not exist on Earth, and the popular notion is that fi tness trade-offs generally constrain such possible evolution.
This chapter uses multi-objective optimization theory to examine how natural selection resolves trade-offs among multiple conflicting performance obje.
