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8 Δεκ 2023 · Initial treatment is symptomatic and supportive, aimed at diluting the iCa concentration through volume expansion with intravenous fluids and encouraging calciuresis. Other therapies include calciuretic diuretics (e.g., furosemide), bisphosphonates, and dietary modification.
In hypercalcemic dogs, neoplasia is the most common underlying diagnosis, followed by hypoadrenocorticism, primary hyperparathyroidism, and chronic renal failure. Approximately 70% of hypercalcemic dogs are also azotemic, with azotemia uncommon only in dogs with hyperparathyroidism.
The kidneys play a central role in calcium homeostasis, so unsurprisingly disorders of calcium have been associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs and cats. Hypercalcemia based on serum total calcium (total hypercalcemia) was observed in 9-22% of dogs 1-3 and in 12-21% 4,5 of cats with CKD.
Key Points. Paraneoplastic syndrome, hypoadrenocorticism, nutritional deficiencies and renal disease are other common causes of hypercalcemia in dogs and cats. The cancers most commonly associated with hypercalcemia are lymphoma, anal gland adenocarcinoma (dogs) and squamous cell carcinoma (cats).
Pathologic. These disorders can be broken up into two broad categories: disorders characterised by increased "parathyroid hormone-like activity" and those where the hypercalcemia is not mediated through increased parathyroid activity. Hypercalcemia Due to Increased PTH or PTH-like Activity.
12 Μαΐ 2023 · Treatment of Hypercalcemia. Treatment can depend on the severity of clinical signs. The most effective treatment for hypercalcemia is addressing or removing the underlying cause. For example, in the case of HM, the tumor should be removed or treated with chemotherapy to alleviate the hypercalcemia. Without these treatments, the hypercalcemia ...
9 Φεβ 2024 · Mechanism of calcium homeostasis. The three principal mediators that balance whole-body calcium concentrations (PTH, calcitonin and calcitriol) can exert complementary and/or synergistic biologic activities on three target organs, namely the kidneys, small intestines, and inorganic bone matrix (hydroxyapatite).
