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We can distinguish between two classes of waves, based on the motion of the medium through which it propagates. With transverse waves , the elements of the medium oscillate back and forth in a direction perpendicular to the motion of the wave.
The longitudinal waves in an earthquake are called pressure waves (P-waves) and the transverse waves are called shear waves (S-waves). These two types of waves propagate at different speeds, and the speed at which they travel depends on the rigidity of the medium through which they are traveling.
In physics, a wave is a very specific phenomenon, but there are multiple examples, and they all have the same wave characteristics, even if they do not seem related at first glance! Did you know that sound is a wave that makes our eardrums vibrate to hear? Light is a wave, too; it bounces from objects and reaches our eyes so we can see.
What makes a wave a wave? What characteristics, properties, or behaviors are shared by the phenomena that we typically characterize as being a wave? How can waves be described in a manner that allows us to understand their basic nature and qualities?
In National 4 Physics examine the properties of waves and use the wave equation, v = f λ, to relate the speed, frequency and wavelength.
Earthquakes produce different type of waves, but the primary ones (p-waves) and least destructive are longitudinal waves that travel fastest and therefore are first to arrive. These correspond to compression and rarefactions in the earth's density.
Sound waves, pressure waves and primary waves (a type of seismic wave produced by earthquakes), are longitudinal waves. Longitudinal waves can also be made by pushing a spring forwards and...
