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21 Απρ 2024 · Describe the functions of the three main types of RNA used in protein synthesis; Explain how RNA can serve as hereditary information
The central dogma of molecular biology suggests that the primary role of RNA is to convert the information stored in DNA into proteins. In reality, there is much more to the RNA story.
Describe the functions of the three main types of RNA used in protein synthesis; Explain how RNA can serve as hereditary information; Structurally speaking, ribonucleic acid (RNA), is quite similar to DNA. However, whereas DNA molecules are typically long and double stranded, RNA molecules are much shorter and are typically single stranded.
The first step involves RNA polymerase, an enzyme that unwinds and unzips the double helix to access a protein-coding gene. The gene's DNA sequence is used as the template for transcribing an RNA copy of that gene, which the polymerase assembles from a chain of nucleotides.
The function of RNA is to transfer the genetic code found in DNA out of the nucleus and carry it to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes are where proteins are produced - they ‘read’ the RNA to make polypeptides (proteins) in a process known as translation.
RNA is an intermediate molecule that actually carries the information in DNA to the ribosomes, so the proteins can be made. RNA is made from DNA in the nucleus by a process called transcription. See Figure 1. Let’s practice transcribing a segment of DNA.
Section 12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis (pages 300-306) Key Concepts • What are the three main types of RNA? • What is transcription? • What is translation? The Structure of RNA (page 300) 1. List the three main differences between RNA and DNA. a. b. c. 2. What is the importance of the cell’s ability to copy a single DNA sequence into RNA?
