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Venera 10 (Russian: Венера-10 meaning Venus 10), or 4V-1 No. 661, [4] was a Soviet uncrewed space mission to Venus. It consisted of an orbiter and a lander. It was launched on June 14, 1975, 03:00:31 UTC and had a mass of 5033 kg (11096 lb). [5]
Venera 9 and 10 were a pair of identical spacecraft prepared for the June 1975 launch opportunity. The scientific objectives of the descent craft/lander were to make in-situ measurements of the Venus atmosphere and surface.
Venera 10 Lander image of the surface of Venus at about 16 N, 291 E. The Lander touched down at 5:17 UT on 25 October 1975 and returned this image during the 65 minutes of operation on the surface. The sun was near zenith during this time, the lighting was about what would be seen on Earth on an overcast summer day.
Venera 10 was launched on 14 June 1975 at 03:00:31 UT on a Proton-K booster from Baikonur Cosmodrome (Tyuratam). After two mid-course corrections, on 21 June and 18 October, it released the descent module on 23 October and performed two burns, one on 23 October and one on 25 October.
Model of a Venera lander. Venera 13 and 14 (1981–82) each had a descent craft/lander that contained most of the instrumentation and electronics, and a flyby spacecraft that was used as a communications relay. The design was similar to the earlier Venera 9–12 landers.
Venera-9 on the surface. The Venera-9 lander hit the surface of the planet with the speed of around seven meters per second at 08:13 Moscow Time (0513 UT) on October 22, 1975. It was the daylight local time on the side of the planet not visible from Earth.
22 Οκτ 2015 · The Venera 10 lander touched down on a rolling plain with low outcrops of bedrock interspersed with weathered granular material visible to the horizon. The lander itself had come down on a three-meter slab that tilted the lander back about 8°.
