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volume of fluid displaced. If a buoyant force of 40 N corresponds to a displaced volume equal to 80% of the block’s volume, a buoyant force of 10 N (1/4 of the original force) must correspond to a displaced volume equal to 20% of the block’s volume (1/4 of the original displaced volume).
What Is a Fluid? State the common phases of matter. Explain the physical characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases. Describe the arrangement of atoms in solids, liquids, and gases. 11.2. Density. Define density. Calculate the mass of a reservoir from its density. Compare and contrast the densities of various substances. 11.3. Pressure.
p=p o+ ρgh. Pressure is the same for any 2 points at the same level in the fluid. Gauge pressure: Excess pressure above atmospheric pressure. Pascal’s Law. Pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to every portion of the fluid and the walls of the container. Application in hydraulic lift. = F = F. 2. A. 2. F = 2. F. 2.
Pascal’s Principle. If a fluid, like mercury or water is put in a container which is open to the atmosphere at one end and closed at the other, with the closed end having zero pressure (it is a vacuum), then the following situation occurs. The pressure at any height is equal, so the P = 0 pressure of the atmosphere, just equals the
When a liquid is placed in a container with no lid, it remains in the container. Because the atoms are closely packed, liquids, like solids, resist compression; an extremely large force is necessary to change the volume of a liquid.
Flow rate Q is defined as the volume V flowing past a point in time t, or Q = \(\frac{dV}{dt}\) where V is volume and t is time. The SI unit of flow rate is m 3 /s, but other rates can be used, such as L/min.
When a solid object is placed in a fluid, it displaces its volume in the fluid. In other words, it takes the place of a volume of the fluid equal to its own volume. For example, if you placed 1 cubic meter (1 m3) object in a full container of water, 1 cubic meter of water would flow over the sides of the container.
