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Phase Diagram for Water. Water is a unique substance in many ways. One of these special properties is the fact that solid water (ice) is less dense than liquid water just above the freezing point. The phase diagram for water is shown in the figure below.
We can use the phase diagram to identify the state where water exists under specific temperature and pressure conditions. For example, water is ice at 50 kPa and – 10 o C. Water is unique compared to other substances.
A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the various phases of a substance or mixture of substances that coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium, and undergo phase changes under different working conditions, such as temperature, pressure, or volume. The water system is divided into three phases: ICE (S), WATER (L), and WATER VAPOUR (G)
The phase diagram of water is complex, a, b, c, e, f [3921] having several triple points and one, or probably two, critical points. Many of the crystalline forms may remain metastable in much of the low-temperature phase space at lower pressures.
A phase diagram in physical chemistry, engineering, mineralogy, and materials science is a type of chart used to show conditions (pressure, temperature, etc.) at which thermodynamically distinct phases (such as solid, liquid or gaseous states) occur and coexist at equilibrium.
The phase diagram of water. Density change. Triple points. The ice phases. Phase diagrams show the preferred physical states of matter at different temperatures and pressure. Within each phase, the material is uniform with respect to its chemical composition and physical state.
Learning Objectives. Describe the phase diagram for water. Define critical temperature. Define critical pressure. Examples. How is it possible to create snowballs? You need a special snow to make the best snowballs. This snow needs to be a little wet so the particles will stick together.
