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Founded in 2002 by Nobel Laureate Carl Wieman, the PhET Interactive Simulations project at the University of Colorado Boulder creates free interactive math and science simulations. PhET sims are based on extensive education <a {{0}}>research</a> and engage students through an intuitive, game-like environment where students learn through exploration and discovery.
EMANIM is a web app displaying interactive animations of electromagnetic waves and presenting phenomena such as polarization, superposition, interference, absorption, refraction, and optical activity (linear and circular dichroism and birefringence).
Explore bending of light between two media with different indices of refraction. See how changing from air to water to glass changes the bending angle. Play with prisms of different shapes and make rainbows.
Our Refraction simulation is now available with two Concept Checkers - one focuses on refraction and the direction of bending; it complements Activity #1 (above). The other focuses on total internal reflection and the critical angle; it complements Activity #3 (above).
Download a diagram and explanation that shows a detailed view of what happens when a ray of light strikes the boundary between air and glass.
The changing of a light ray’s direction (loosely called bending) when it passes through variations in matter is called refraction. Refraction is responsible for a tremendous range of optical phenomena, from the action of lenses to voice transmission through optical fibers.
Use the sliders to adjust the index of refraction of each of the two materials, as well as the angle of incidence (the angle between the incident ray of light and the normal to the surface). Use the check boxes to show or hide various information.
