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Founded in 2002 by Nobel Laureate Carl Wieman, the PhET Interactive Simulations project at the University of Colorado Boulder creates free interactive math and science simulations. PhET sims are based on extensive education <a {{0}}>research</a> and engage students through an intuitive, game-like environment where students learn through exploration and discovery.
Explore bending of light between two media with different indices of refraction. See how changing from air to water to glass changes the bending angle. Play with prisms of different shapes and make rainbows.
The changing of a light ray’s direction (loosely called bending) when it passes through variations in matter is called refraction. Refraction is responsible for a tremendous range of optical phenomena, from the action of lenses to voice transmission through optical fibers.
Wave Optics (physical optics). - Emphasizes on analyzing interference and diffraction - Gives more accurate determination of light distributions, because both the amplitude and phase of the light are considered. A. Geometrical Light Rays - Geometrical optics is an intuitive and efficient approximation:
Snell's law (also known the law of refraction) is a formula used to describe the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction, when referring to light or other waves passing through a boundary between two different media, such as water, glass and air.
Figure 1. Plane wave entering and emerging from a medium with different index of refraction. Now let us ask what happens when light enters a medium with a different index of refraction at an angle. Since we know the wavelength of light in the two media, we can deduce the effect with pictures.
Refraction. Light travels at a speed c = 3 x 108 m/s in a vacuum. In a transparent medium, light travels slower than in a vacuum. Refraction refers to the bending of the transmitted light at the interface between two transparent materials.
