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The present perfect, like the present continuous, is a “compound verb.” You need two words to create it. To make the present perfect tense, we need to use the helping verb “have” in its present tense form, and a verb in its past participle form.
Present Perfect: The present perfect reflects the past, but its reflection on the past connects the past to the present. The present perfect is often used to express a past event that has present consequences. The events described by present perfects are not necessarily completed.
1 Νοε 2000 · First, this is semantically the opposite of the causal participle, but structurally identical (i.e., it typically precedes the verb and fits the contours of a causal participle-i.e., antecedent time and thus aorist, perfect or sometimes present).
16 Σεπ 2015 · It looks as though the LXX (ἐκπορεύεται) and the Vulgata (egrediebatur) read the (obviously un-vocalised) יצא as 3rd sing. perfect. In the MT it is pointed as a participle, so if you are following the MT then yes, it would be more accurate to translate it in the present (“a river goes out”).
The Perfect Tense. In the NT the perfect tense generally presents as one of three different actions: Stative. A present continued or repeated action which has resulted from a past action, 55%. Ongoing relevance. A present relevance / state which is the result of a past action, 35%. Aorist.
The past and the present are gathered up in a single affirmation. An adverb of time is often used with this kind of present, but a verb alone is sometimes sufficient as in the final example given below. This use of the Greek present is usually translated by the English present perfect.
The difference between the gerund and the present participle. Since the simple gerund and the present participle have the same form (verb- ing), sometimes it can be difficult to decide whether an -ing form is a gerund or a present participle.
