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27 Απρ 2020 · In this article, we show, in the specific case of SARS‐CoV‐2, that the role of cytosine‐based metabolites used as cell growth coordinators is central to understanding both innate antiviral immunity and the evolution of the virus.
Most genomes, including the human genome and those of all other cellular life forms, are made of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) but a few viruses have RNA (ribonucleic acid) genomes. DNA and RNA are polymeric molecules made up of chains of monomeric subunits called nucleotides .
cytosine, a nitrogenous base derived from pyrimidine that occurs in nucleic acids, the heredity-controlling components of all living cells, and in some coenzymes, substances that act in conjunction with enzymes in chemical reactions in the body.
In DNA and RNA, cytosine is paired with guanine. However, it is inherently unstable, and can change into uracil (spontaneous deamination). This can lead to a point mutation if not repaired by the DNA repair enzymes such as uracil glycosylase, which cleaves a uracil in DNA.
Figure 10: This karyotype depicts all 23 pairs of chromosomes in a human cell, including the sex-determining X and Y chromosomes that together make up the twenty-third set (lower right). It is...
15 Μαΐ 2022 · The rules of base pairing explain the phenomenon that whatever the amount of adenine (A) in the DNA of an organism, the amount of thymine (T) is the same (called Chargaff's rule). Similarly, whatever the amount of guanine (G), the amount of cytosine (C) is the same.
In DNA, cytosine pairs with guanine through three hydrogen bonds, forming a stable base pair. The sequence of these base pairs along the DNA strand encodes genetic information. During DNA replication, the complementary base pairing ensures faithful copying of the genetic material.
