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cytosine, a nitrogenous base derived from pyrimidine that occurs in nucleic acids, the heredity-controlling components of all living cells, and in some coenzymes, substances that act in conjunction with enzymes in chemical reactions in the body.
27 Απρ 2020 · In this article, we show, in the specific case of SARS‐CoV‐2, that the role of cytosine‐based metabolites used as cell growth coordinators is central to understanding both innate antiviral immunity and the evolution of the virus.
27 Αυγ 2021 · In humans, pyrimidines are synthesized in various tissues, especially in spleen, thymus, and gastrointestinal tract. Cytosine, similar to other pyrimidines, is formed from a series of steps, beginning with the formation of carbamoyl phosphate.
Cytosine can be found as part of DNA, as part of RNA, or as a part of a nucleotide. As cytidine triphosphate (CTP), it can act as a co-factor to enzymes, and can transfer a phosphate to convert adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In DNA and RNA, cytosine is paired with guanine.
In DNA, cytosine pairs with guanine through three hydrogen bonds, forming a stable base pair. The sequence of these base pairs along the DNA strand encodes genetic information. During DNA replication, the complementary base pairing ensures faithful copying of the genetic material.
Attached to each sugar is one of four bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) or thymine (T). The two strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between pairs of bases: adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine.
15 Μαΐ 2022 · The rules of base pairing explain the phenomenon that whatever the amount of adenine (A) in the DNA of an organism, the amount of thymine (T) is the same (called Chargaff's rule). Similarly, whatever the amount of guanine (G), the amount of cytosine (C) is the same.
