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cytosine, a nitrogenous base derived from pyrimidine that occurs in nucleic acids, the heredity-controlling components of all living cells, and in some coenzymes, substances that act in conjunction with enzymes in chemical reactions in the body.
27 Απρ 2020 · In this article, we show, in the specific case of SARS‐CoV‐2, that the role of cytosine‐based metabolites used as cell growth coordinators is central to understanding both innate antiviral immunity and the evolution of the virus.
27 Αυγ 2021 · In humans, pyrimidines are synthesized in various tissues, especially in spleen, thymus, and gastrointestinal tract. Cytosine, similar to other pyrimidines, is formed from a series of steps, beginning with the formation of carbamoyl phosphate.
Cytosine can be found as part of DNA, as part of RNA, or as a part of a nucleotide. As cytidine triphosphate (CTP), it can act as a co-factor to enzymes, and can transfer a phosphate to convert adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In DNA and RNA, cytosine is paired with guanine.
In plants and animals (including humans), chromosomes reside in the nucleus of cells. Humans have 22 pairs of numbered chromosomes (autosomes) and one pair of sex chromosomes (XX or XY), for a total of 46.
There are four types of nitrogenous bases in DNA. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are double-ringed purines, and cytosine (C) and thymine (T) are smaller, single-ringed pyrimidines. The nucleotide is named according to the nitrogenous base it contains.
In DNA, cytosine pairs with guanine through three hydrogen bonds, forming a stable base pair. The sequence of these base pairs along the DNA strand encodes genetic information. During DNA replication, the complementary base pairing ensures faithful copying of the genetic material.
