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Those who have a relativist conception of deviance define deviance as those behaviors that illicit a definition or label of deviance: Social groups create deviance by making the rules whose infraction constitutes deviance, and by applying those rules to particular people and labeling them as outsiders. For this point of view,
Attempts to understand deviant behavior using explanations derived from empirical studies are relatively recent phenomena. For most of recorded history, outside forces were thought to cause aberrant human social behavior. Prior to modern times, demonic possession was frequently offered as a reason for strange behavior (Huff, 1978).
This chapter will seek to clarify the theoretical objectives and scope of Merton's work on anomie and strain as a sociology of deviant behavior, and analyze some of its pathways and turning...
The sociology of deviance refuses to die, despite decades-long critiques. In the 1970s, Scheff, Gove, and Chauncey treated the pages of the American Sociological Review to debates about labeling theories’ approaches to mental illness (e.g. Chauncey 1975; Gove 1975; Scheff 1975).
Social psychological perspectives on deviance refer to discussions of the nature of deviance and explanations of the definition, antecedents, or consequences of deviance that implicate both personal (behavioral or intrapsychic) and social (interpersonal, group, macrosocial) structures and processes.
To deviate means, literally, to move away or stray from, set standards in society. Deviance, then is a much more general category than crime, and is used by sociologists to refer to behaviour that, while being different, is often not controlled legally.
Four main theories have developed in the last 50 years. Anomie: Deviance is caused by anomie, or the feeling that society’s goals or the means to achieve them are closed to the person. Control: Deviance exists because of improper socialization, which results in a lack of self-control for the person.
