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Diacritical marks are called Tashkeel in Arabic. "Tashkeel" are the marks used as phonetic guides, including the short vowels and the grammatical markers, however they are not included in handwriting. The Arabic language has a one-to-one correspondence between sounds and letters.
The Arabic script has numerous diacritics, which include consonant pointing known as iʻjām (إِعْجَام), and supplementary diacritics known as tashkīl (تَشْكِيل). The latter include the vowel marks termed ḥarakāt (حَرَكَات; sg. حَرَكَة, ḥarakah).
When a ḍammah is placed before the letter 〈 و 〉 (wāw), it represents a long /uː/ (as in the English word "blue"). Example: 〈 دو 〉 /duː/. The ḍammah is usually not written in such cases but if wāw is pronounced as a diphthong /aw/, fatḥah should be written on the preceding consonant to avoid mispronunciation.
This document provides information on the connections between Arabic letters when they appear at the beginning, middle, and end of words. It lists 22 letters that can connect to the next letter in cursive Arabic script, including the name or sound of each letter and the letter itself.
23 Φεβ 2024 · Harakat, also known as Arabic diacritics or vowel marks, are symbols crucial for maintaining accurate recitation of the Quran and other Arabic texts. They guide pronunciation by indicating how each letter should be pronounced.
Here is a handy summary of the entire Arabic writing system, divided into an alphabet chart, letters that stand for borrowed sounds, other letter-like characters, and diacritics (marks used in combination with letters).
If you want the ASCII digit sequence to run RTL (eg. for a range) you need to start the line with the formatting character [U+061C ARABIC LETTER MARK] (ALM). This is effectively an invisible Arabic script character.