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The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA) is the primary federal law that regulates the environmental effects of coal mining in the United States. SMCRA created two programs: one for regulating active coal mines and a second for reclaiming abandoned mine lands.
SMCRA was the first federal environmental statute to regulate a specific industry as opposed to a specific type of pollution. It created two major programs: An abandoned mine land (AML) reclamation program , funded by fees that operators pay on each ton of coal produced, to reclaim land and water resources adversely affected by coal mines ...
SMCRA created an Abandoned Mine Land (AML) fund to pay for the cleanup and coal mine reclamation of mine lands abandoned before the passage of the statute in 1977. The law was amended in 1990 to allow funds to be spent on the reclamation of mines abandoned after 1977.
Congress passed the SMCRA, which was signed by President Jimmy Carter, to "assure that the coal supply essential to the Nation's energy requirements, and to its economic and social well-being, is provided and to strike a balance between protection of the environment and agricultural productivity and the Nation's need for coal as an essential ...
Read the unofficial compilation of all revisions to SMCRA through November 15, 2021 here: Compilation of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977, as amended (pdf). The file is word searchable. Learn more about SMCRA in an unabridged Chronology of Major SMCRA-Related Milestones.
SMCRA created an Abandoned Mine Land (AML) fund to pay for the cleanup of mine lands abandoned before the passage of the statute in 1977. The law was amended in 1990 to allow funds to be spent on the reclamation of mines abandoned after 1977.
29 Ιαν 2018 · The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) was enacted in 1977 and was the overriding federal regulation governing mining and reclamation of surface coal mines in the United States of America (USA).
