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After reading this text and / or viewing the video tutorial on this topic you should be able to: explain what is meant by a logarithm. state and use the laws of logarithms. solve simple equations requiring the use of logarithms.
Logarithms. The mathematics of logarithms and exponentials occurs naturally in many branches of science. It is very important in solving problems related to growth and decay. The growth and decay may be that of a plant or a population, a crystalline structure or money in the bank.
The base does not need to be shown when writing a common logarithm. “log x” is understood to mean “log10x”. (You do not have to write the 10). The LOG key on your calculator gives base 10 logarithms. Ex 1: Evaluate log 8 . log108 = y. 10y = 8 (This is why we need our calculator!) Evaluate the common logarithms using your calculator.
A logarithm answers the question: “To what exponent do I need to raise a given base to get a certain number?” For instance, if we have 2 3, the logarithmic equivalent would be log 2 (8) = 3. In this case, the logarithm tells us that we need to raise 2 to the power of 3 to get 8. The general form of a logarithm is written as: log b (y) = x
8. Prove the following statements. (1) logp b x = 2log x (2) log p1 b p x = log x (3) log 4 x2 = log p x 9. Given that log2 = x, log3 = y and log7 = z, express the following expressions
Logarithms Study Development Worksheet Example Simplify the following: ln(12)−ln(10) Answer Using the log laws, we know that ln(12)−ln(10)=𝑙 (12 10)=𝑙 (6 5)=𝑙 (1.2)
Simplify each of the following logarithmic expressions, giving the final answer as a single logarithm. a) log 5 log 23 3+ b) log 24 log 82 2− c) log 3 2log 45 5+ d) 3log 8 3log 64 4− e) log 2 3log 3 log 0.256 6 6− +( ) log 102, log 32, log 485, log 4 (6427), log 6 (8) 27
