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Miliaria rubra, the most common form of heat rash, results in red, 2–4 mm, non- follicular papules and papulovesicles. They are very itchy. Background erythema is often present. In children, miliaria involves the trunk and the skin folds of the neck, axilla or groin. In adults, miliaria often affects the upper trunk, scalp, neck and flexures ...
Heat urticaria is a rare type of physical or chronic inducible urticaria. It is also called contact heat urticaria and localised heat urticaria. Heat urticaria occurs following the direct contact of a warm stimulus to the skin. The onset of urticaria is typically rapid (within minutes) and the urticaria resolves within 1–2 hours.
Frostbite is due to severe cold injury (temperatures below freezing). Early signs are blanching and numbness. Treat areas exposed to severe cold by rapid re-warming in a water bath at 40° (providing no risk of further re-freezing). Late sequelae include pain, numbness, cold sensation, hyperhidrosis, dystrophicnails, fibrosis, osteoporosis, and ...
Cholinergic urticaria is a common chronic inducible urticaria that is characterised by the presence of short-lived transient hives (itchy bumps) due to stimuli that induce sweating. It typically presents with small, raised 1–4 mm wheals which last for 15–30 minutes. It is also sometimes referred to as cholinergic angioedema urticaria or ...
Erythema ab igne (EAI) is a skin reaction caused by chronic exposure to infrared radiation in the form of heat. It was once a common condition seen in the elderly who stood or sat closely to open fires or electric space heaters. Although the introduction of central heating has reduced EAI of this type, it is still found in individuals exposed ...
Transient acantholytic dermatosis most often affects Caucasian men over 50 years of age with sundamaged skin (mean age at diagnosis 61 years). It is less common in skin of colour, women, and younger adults. Risk factors include sun-exposure, sweating, fever, malignancy, and being hospitalised or bedridden. A Grover-like rash has been reported ...
Scarlet fever usually starts with a sudden fever associated with sore throat, swollen neck glands, headache, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, swollen and red strawberry tongue, abdominal pain, body aches, and malaise. The characteristic rash appears 12–48 hours after the start of the fever. The rash usually starts below the ears, neck ...
Intertrigo is due to genetic and environmental factors. Flexural skin has a relatively high surface temperature. Moisture from insensible water loss and sweating cannot evaporate due to occlusion. Friction from the movement of adjacent skin results in chafing. Intertrigo occurs more easily in environments that are hot and humid.
Spa pool folliculitis presents as a sudden eruption of scattered red macules that evolve into papules and pustules centred on hair follicles. The onset is generally between 8 hours and five days after exposure. Areas of skin covered by swimwear, such as the buttocks, are most prone to develop the rash.
Acute urticaria can be induced by the following factors but the cause is not always identified. Acute viral infection — an upper respiratory infection, viral hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis. Acute bacterial infection — a dental abscess, sinusitis, mycoplasma. Food allergy (IgE mediated) — usually milk, egg, peanut, shellfish.
