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The preference of $\ce{Pb}$ for the lower oxidation state is an example for the so-called inert pair effect. Due to relativistic contraction of the outermost $s$ orbital, its 2 electrons are closer to the nucleus and thus more tightly bound than the electrons in the $p$ orbitals.
- How does one calculate oxidation states? [duplicate]
The oxidation states are just the charges on the ion. PbS...
- How does one calculate oxidation states? [duplicate]
29 Αυγ 2023 · Most common oxidation states: +2, +4; M.P. 328º; B.P. 1750º; Density 11.35 g/cm 3; Characteristics: Lead is a soft metal having little tensile strength, and it is the densest of the common metals excepting gold and mercury. It has a metallic luster when freshly cut but quickly acquires a dull color when exposed to moist air.
Compounds of lead are usually found in the +2 oxidation state rather than the +4 state common with lighter members of the carbon group. Exceptions are mostly limited to organolead compounds. Like the lighter members of the group, lead tends to bond with itself; it can form chains and polyhedral structures.
Pb2+ is the divalent cation of lead, formed when lead loses two electrons. This oxidation state is significant in various chemical reactions and interactions, particularly in the context of hard-soft acid-base (HSAB) theory, where it is classified as a soft acid due to its larger ionic radius and relatively polarizable electron cloud, which ...
24 Μαρ 2020 · The oxidation states are just the charges on the ion. PbS has Pb2+ and S2-, so those charges are simply the oxidation states. For PbSO4, you know sulfate is a 2- ion, so it must be bonded to a Pb2+.
25 Μαΐ 2014 · The oxidation state tells how many valence electrons an atom accepts (negative number) or donates (positive number) to form a chemical bond. A lithium atom has one outer shell electron. It has a valence of 1. Usually it’s oxidation state is +1, but it can lose the electron and have a valence of -1.
Because carbon is more electronegative than hydrogen, its oxidation state in this instance is -4! However, as you go down the Group, there are more and more examples where the oxidation state is +2, such as SnCl 2, PbO, and Pb 2+.
