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  1. Polarization is the attribute that a wave’s oscillations have a definite direction relative to the direction of propagation of the wave. (This is not the same type of polarization as that discussed for the separation of charges.) Waves having such a direction are said to be polarized.

  2. Light is linearly polarized (sometimes called plane polarized) when the electric field oscillates on a straight line; Fig. 33–1 illustrates linear polarization. When the end of the electric field vector travels in an ellipse, the light is elliptically polarized .

  3. Figure \(\PageIndex{11}\): (a) Polarized light is rotated 90° by a liquid crystal and then passed by a polarizing filter that has its axis perpendicular to the direction of the original polarization.

  4. This equation is known as Malus Law after its discoverer, E.L. Malus (1775-1812). It applies to any two polarizing elements whose transmission directions make an angle with each other.

  5. Matthew Schwartz. Lecture 14: Polarization. 1 Polarization vectors. In the last lecture, we showed that Maxwell’s equations admit plane wave solutions. = E0ei k·x−ωt , B = B0ei k·x−ωt. Here, E0 and B0 are called the polarization vectors for the electric and magnetic fields. These are complex 3 dimensional vectors.

  6. Learning Objectives. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Explain the change in intensity as polarized light passes through a polarizing filter. Calculate the effect of polarization by reflection and Brewster’s angle. Describe the effect of polarization by scattering. Explain the use of polarizing materials in devices such as LCDs.

  7. Polarization is the attribute that a wave’s oscillations have a definite direction relative to the direction of propagation of the wave. (This is not the same type of polarization as that discussed for the separation of charges.) Waves having such a direction are said to be polarized.

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